n-Amyl Alcohol (Pentanol)

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General Properties

  • Chemical Name: n-Amyl Alcohol, 1-Pentanol
  • Chemical Formula: C₅H₁₂O
  • CAS Number: 71-41-0
  • Molecular Weight: 88.15 g/mol
  • Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
  • Odor: Mild, characteristic alcohol-like odor
  • Density (@ 20°C): 0.811–0.814 g/cm³
  • Boiling Point: 137–139°C (278–282°F)
  • Melting Point: ~ -78°C (-108°F)
  • Flash Point: ~49°C (120°F) (closed cup)
  • Vapor Pressure (@ 20°C): ~2.0 mmHg
  • Refractive Index (@ 20°C): 1.405–1.408
  • Autoignition Temperature: ~300°C (572°F)

Purity and Composition

  • Purity: ≥ 99% (industrial or reagent-grade)
  • Impurities: Trace amounts of higher alcohols and water (typically ≤ 0.5%).
  • Water Content: ≤ 0.2%

Solubility

  • Water Solubility: Slightly soluble (~22 g/L at 25°C).
  • Solubility in Organic Solvents: Fully miscible with alcohols, ethers, and most organic solvents.

Chemical Stability

  • Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
  • Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents and acids.

Thermal Properties

  • Heat Capacity: ~2.7 J/g·K at 25°C
  • Thermal Conductivity: ~0.12 W/m·K at 25°C

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Description

n-Amyl Alcohol, also known as 1-Pentanol, is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, characteristic odor. It is a straight-chain alcohol with the chemical formula C₅H₁₂O. Known for its versatility, n-Amyl Alcohol is widely used in industrial, chemical, and laboratory applications. It is a key intermediate in the production of esters, solvents, and other compounds and is valued for its solvency, miscibility, and stability.

Applications of n-Amyl Alcohol (Pentanol):

Chemical Synthesis

  • Ester Production: Used to produce esters such as amyl acetate and other compounds for use in fragrances, flavors, and plasticizers.
  • Specialty Chemicals: Serves as a precursor in synthesizing specialty chemicals and intermediates.

Industrial Applications

  • Solvent: Used as a solvent for resins, inks, coatings, and adhesives due to its excellent solvency properties.
  • Lubricant Additive: Enhances the performance of lubricants and fuels.
  • Coatings and Paints: Helps in formulations for industrial coatings and paints.

Personal Care and Cosmetics

  • Perfumes and Fragrances: Utilized as a solvent to stabilize and enhance fragrance formulations.
  • Cosmetic Formulations: Provides a medium for active ingredients in skincare and haircare products.

Laboratory and Research Applications

  • Analytical Reagent: Employed as a reagent or solvent in analytical chemistry.
  • Sample Preparation: Used in preparing chemical and biological samples for analysis.

Agricultural Applications

  • Pesticide Formulations: Acts as a component in pesticide formulations for better dispersion and efficacy.
  • Adjuvants: Used to enhance the performance of agricultural sprays.

Food and Beverage Industry

  • Flavor Enhancements: Precursors for esters used as flavoring agents in food and beverages (in compliance with safety regulations).

Energy Sector

  • Fuel Additive: Contributes to improving the performance of biofuels and other energy products.

Environmental Applications

  • Chemical Testing: Used in environmental analysis and testing for water and soil samples.

Miscellaneous Uses

  • Plasticizer Production: Used in the synthesis of plasticizers to improve the flexibility and durability of plastics.
  • Textile Industry: Functions as a processing aid in textile manufacturing.

Storage and Handling

  • Storage Temperature: Keep between 15°C and 30°C (59°F–86°F).
  • Packaging: Typically stored in tightly sealed HDPE or stainless steel containers.
  • Shelf Life: 2–3 years when stored properly in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.

Safety Information

  • Hazards:
    • Flammable liquid and vapor.
    • Can cause skin and eye irritation.
    • May be harmful if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.
  • First Aid:
    • Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water.
    • Eye Contact: Flush with water for at least 15 minutes.
    • Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
    • Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; seek immediate medical attention.

Chemical Safety:

FlammableIrritantGHS Pictogram Labels - Corrosion, 2 x 2", White - ULINE - S-21343
Flammable liquid and vapor.
Causes skin and respiratory irritation.
Causes serious eye damage
Harmful if inhaled.

Additional information

Size

100mL (3.3 Fl Oz), 500mL (16 Fl Oz), 1000mL (32 Fl Oz), 1 Gallon (128 Fl Oz)

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